Honors
1996	A Pehr Edman Award, Millipore/Methods in Protein Structure Analysis

Education
	B.A., Zoology, Connecticut College, New London, CT. 1959
	Ph.D., Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 1966
	Post-Doc, Mathematical Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. 1967

Publications
Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource. UniProt Consortium. Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue):D214-9. 2011.
The Protein Ontology: a structured representation of protein forms and complexes. Natale DA, Arighi CN, Barker WC, Blake JA, Bult CJ, Caudy M, Drabkin HJ, D'Eustachio P, Evsikov AV, Huang H, Nchoutmboube J, Roberts NV, Smith B, Zhang J, Wu CH. Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue):D539-45. 2011.
From protein sequences to 3D-structures and beyond: the example of the UniProt knowledgebase. Hinz U; UniProt Consortium. Cell Mol Life Sci. 67(7):1049-64. 2010.
The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) in 2010. UniProt Consortium. Nucleic Acids Res. 38(Database issue):D142-8. 2010.
Sequence signatures in envelope protein may determine whether flaviviruses produce hemorrhagic or encephalitic syndromes. Barker WC, Mazumder R, Vasudevan S, Sagripanti JL, Wu CH. Virus Genes. 39(1):1-9. 2009.
TGF-beta signaling proteins and the Protein Ontology. Arighi CN, Liu H, Natale DA, Barker WC, Drabkin H, Blake JA, Smith B, Wu CH. BMC Bioinformatics. 10 Suppl 5:S3. 2009.
The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) 2009. UniProt Consortium. Nucleic Acids Res. 37(Database issue):D169-74. 2009.
Bioinformatic Databases. Herbert KG, Spirollari J, Wang JTL, Piel WH, Westbrook J, Barker WC, Hu ZZ, Wu CH. in: Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering (Cassie Craig Assistant Editor), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2007.
Framework for a protein ontology. Natale DA, Arighi CN, Barker WC, Blake J, Chang TC, Hu Z, Liu H, Smith B, Wu CH. BMC Bioinformatics. 8 Suppl 9:S1. 2007.
PIRSF family classification system for protein functional and evolutionary analysis. Nikolskaya AN, Arighi CN, Huang H, Barker WC, Wu CH. Evol Bioinform Online. 2:197-209. 2007.
The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt). UniProt Consortium. Nucleic Acids Res. 35(Database issue):D193-7. 2007.
The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt): an expanding universe of protein information. Wu CH, Apweiler R, Bairoch A, Natale DA, Barker WC, Boeckmann B, Ferro S, Gasteiger E, Huang H, Lopez R, Magrane M, Martin MJ, Mazumder R, O'Donovan C, Redaschi N, Suzek B. Nucleic Acids Res. 34(Database issue):D187-91. 2006.
The PIR superfamily (PIRSF) classification system. Barker WC, Mazumder R, Nikolskaya A, Wu CH. in: Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Part 3 Proteomics, Section 6 Proteome Families, Chapter 87. MJ Dunn (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2005.
The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt). Bairoch A, Apweiler R, Wu CH, Barker WC, Boeckmann B, Ferro S, Gasteiger E, Huang H, Lopez R, Magrane M, Martin MJ, Natale DA, O'Donovan C, Redaschi N, Yeh LS. Nucleic Acids Res. 33(Database issue):D154-9. 2005.
Information flow and data integration of databanks. Wu CH, Barker WC. in: Database Annotation in Molecular Biology:Principles and Practice. III Database Design and Integration, Chapter 11:187-201. AM Lesk (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2005.
Annotation of protein sequences. Wu CH, Barker WC. in: Database Annotation in Molecular Biology:Principles and Practice. II The Basis for Annotation, Chapter 8:131-147. AM Lesk (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2005.
A family classification approach to functional annotation of proteins. Wu CH, Barker WC. in: The Practical Bioinformatician. Chapter 19:417-434. L Wong (Ed.), World Scientific. 2004.
The iProClass integrated database for protein functional analysis. Wu CH, Huang H, Nikolskaya A, Hu Z, Barker WC. Comput Biol Chem. 28(1):87-96. 2004.
UniProt: the Universal Protein knowledgebase. Apweiler R, Bairoch A, Wu CH, Barker WC, Boeckmann B, Ferro S, Gasteiger E, Huang H, Lopez R, Magrane M, Martin MJ, Natale DA, O'Donovan C, Redaschi N, Yeh LS. Nucleic Acids Res. 32(Database issue):D115-9. 2004.
PIRSF: family classification system at the Protein Information Resource. Wu CH, Nikolskaya A, Huang H, Yeh LS, Natale DA, Vinayaka CR, Hu ZZ, Mazumder R, Kumar S, Kourtesis P, Ledley RS, Suzek BE, Arminski L, Chen Y, Zhang J, Cardenas JL, Chung S, Castro-Alvear J, Dinkov G, Barker WC. Nucleic Acids Res. 32(Database issue):D112-4. 2004.
Protein family classification and functional annotation. Wu CH, Huang H, Yeh LS, Barker WC. Comput Biol Chem. 27(1):37-47. 2003.
iProClass: an integrated database of protein family, function and structure information. Huang H, Barker WC, Chen Y, Wu CH. Nucleic Acids Res. 31(1):390-2. 2003.
The Protein Information Resource. Wu CH, Yeh LS, Huang H, Arminski L, Castro-Alvear J, Chen Y, Hu Z, Kourtesis P, Ledley RS, Suzek BE, Vinayaka CR, Zhang J, Barker WC. Nucleic Acids Res. 31(1):345-7. 2003.
The Protein Information Resource: an integrated public resource of functional annotation of proteins. Wu CH, Huang H, Arminski L, Castro-Alvear J, Chen Y, Hu ZZ, Ledley RS, Lewis KC, Mewes HW, Orcutt BC, Suzek BE, Tsugita A, Vinayaka CR, Yeh LS, Zhang J, Barker WC. Nucleic Acids Res. 30(1):35-7. 2002.
iProClass: an integrated, comprehensive and annotated protein classification database. Wu CH, Xiao C, Hou Z, Huang H, Barker WC. Nucleic Acids Res. 29(1):52-4. 2001.
Protein Information Resource: a community resource for expert annotation of protein data. Barker WC, Garavelli JS, Hou Z, Huang H, Ledley RS, McGarvey PB, Mewes HW, Orcutt BC, Pfeiffer F, Tsugita A, Vinayaka CR, Xiao C, Yeh LS, Wu C. Nucleic Acids Res. 29(1):29-32. 2001.
PIR: a new resource for bioinformatics. McGarvey PB, Huang H, Barker WC, Orcutt BC, Garavelli JS, Srinivasarao GY, Yeh LS, Xiao C, Wu CH. Bioinformatics. 16(3):290-1. 2000.
The protein information resource (PIR). Barker WC, Garavelli JS, Huang H, McGarvey PB, Orcutt BC, Srinivasarao GY, Xiao C, Yeh LS, Ledley RS, Janda JF, Pfeiffer F, Mewes HW, Tsugita A, Wu C. Nucleic Acids Res. 28(1):41-4. 2000.
PIR-ALN: a database of protein sequence alignments. Srinivasarao GY, Yeh LS, Marzec CR, Orcutt BC, Barker WC. Bioinformatics. 15(5):382-90. 1999.
Database of protein sequence alignments: PIR-ALN. Srinivasarao GY, Yeh LS, Marzec CR, Orcutt BC, Barker WC, Pfeiffer F. Nucleic Acids Res. 27(1):284-5. 1999.
The PIR-International Protein Sequence Database. Barker WC, Garavelli JS, McGarvey PB, Marzec CR, Orcutt BC, Srinivasarao GY, Yeh LS, Ledley RS, Mewes HW, Pfeiffer F, Tsugita A, Wu C. Nucleic Acids Res. 27(1):39-43. 1999.
The PIR-International Protein Sequence Database. Barker WC, Garavelli JS, Haft DH, Hunt LT, Marzec CR, Orcutt BC, Srinivasarao GY, Yeh LS, Ledley RS, Mewes HW, Pfeiffer F, Tsugita A. Nucleic Acids Res. 26(1):27-32. 1998.
Analysis and organization of protein sequence data: a retrospective spanning four decades. Barker WC, Hunt LT. J Protein Chem. 16(5):459-62. 1997.
The Protein Information Resource (PIR) and the PIR-International Protein Sequence Database. George DG, Dodson RJ, Garavelli JS, Haft DH, Hunt LT, Marzec CR, Orcutt BC, Sidman KE, Srinivasarao GY, Yeh LS, Arminski LM, Ledley RS, Tsugita A, Barker WC. Nucleic Acids Res. 25(1):24-8. 1997.
Not the Dark Ages. Barker WC, Ledley RS. Science. 273(5272):165. 1996.
Superfamily classification in PIR-International Protein Sequence Database. Barker WC, Pfeiffer F, George DG. Methods Enzymol. 266:59-71. 1996.
PIR-International Protein Sequence Database. George DG, Hunt LT, Barker WC. Methods Enzymol. 266:41-59. 1996.
The PIR-International Protein Sequence Database. George DG, Barker WC, Mewes HW, Pfeiffer F, Tsugita A. Nucleic Acids Res. 24(1):17-20. 1996.
The PIR-International Protein Sequence Database. George DG, Barker WC, Mewes HW, Pfeiffer F, Tsugita A. Nucleic Acids Res. 22(17):3569-73. 1994.
The PIR-International databases. Barker WC, George DG, Mewes HW, Pfeiffer F, Tsugita A. Nucleic Acids Res. 21(13):3089-92. 1993.
The PIR-International Protein Sequence Database. Barker WC, George DG, Mewes HW, Tsugita A. Nucleic Acids Res. 20 Suppl:2023-6. 1992.
Protein sequences and data analysis--new concept. Tsugita A, Mewes HW, Barker WC. Protein Seq Data Anal. 4(1):1. 1991.
The PIR protein sequence database. Barker WC, George DG, Hunt LT, Garavelli JS. Nucleic Acids Res. 19 Suppl:2231-36. 1991.
Escherichia coli K12 genomic database. Kunisawa T, Nakamura M, Watanabe H, Otsuka J, Tsugita A, Yeh LS, George DG, Barker WC. Protein Seq Data Anal. 3(2):157-62. 1990.
Mutation data matrix and its uses. George DG, Barker WC, Hunt LT. Methods Enzymol. 183:333-51. 1990.
Protein sequence database. Barker WC, George DG, Hunt LT. Methods Enzymol. 183:31-49. 1990.
Selective inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase by estrogens. Tsibris JC, Hunt LT, Ballejo G, Barker WC, Toney LJ, Spellacy WN. J Biol Chem. 264(24):13967-70. 1989.
Homologues of catalytic domains of Cellulomonas glucanases found in fungal and Bacillus glycosidases. West CA, Elzanowski A, Yeh LS, Barker WC. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 50(1-2):167-72. 1989.
Avidin-like domain in an epidermal growth factor homolog from a sea urchin. Hunt LT, Barker WC. FASEB J. 3(6):1760-4. 1989.
Striking sequence similarity among sialic acid-binding lectin, pancreatic ribonucleases, and angiogenin: possible structural and functional relationships. Lewis MT, Hunt LT, Barker WC. Protein Seq Data Anal. 2(2):101-5. 1989.
Protein sequence database of the protein identification resource (PIR). Barker WC, Hunt LT, George DG, Yeh LS, Chen HR, Blomquist MC, Seibel-Ross EI, Elzanowski A, Bair JK, Ferrick DA, et al. Protein Seq Data Anal. 2(1):39-79. 1989.
Relationship of promagainin to three other prohormones from the skin of Xenopus laevis: a different perspective. Hunt LT, Barker WC. FEBS Lett. 233(2):282-8. 1988.
Identification of a mouse homolog of the human laminin receptor. Hunt LT, Barker WC. Nucleic Acids Res. 16(11):5195. 1988.
The protein identification resource (PIR). Sidman KE, George DG, Barker WC, Hunt LT. Nucleic Acids Res. 16(5):1869-71. 1988.
Protein Sequence Database of the Protein Identification Resource (PIR). Barker WC, Hunt LT, George DG, Yeh LS, Chen HR, Blomquist MC, Seibel-Ross EI, Elzanowski A, Bair JK, Ferrick DA, et al. Protein Seq Data Anal. 1(3):195-250. 1988.
Cystatin domains in alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and fetuin. Elzanowski A, Barker WC, Hunt LT, Seibel-Ross E. FEBS Lett. 227(2):167-70. 1988.
Homology of delta crystallin and argininosuccinate lyase. Yeh LS, Elzanowski A, Hunt LT, Barker WC. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 89(2):433-7. 1988.
Identifying domains in protein sequences. Barker WC, Hunt LT, George DG. Protein Seq Data Anal. 1(5):363-73. 1988.
The homology of complement factor C8 gamma chain and alpha-1-microglobulin. Hunt LT, Elzanowski A, Barker WC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 149(1):282-8. 1987.
von Willebrand factor shares a distinctive cysteine-rich domain with thrombospondin and procollagen. Hunt LT, Barker WC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 144(2):876-82. 1987.
Nucleic Acid database management. George DG, Hunt LT, Barker WC. Science. 235(4796):1562a. 1987.
Nucleic acid database management. George DG, Hunt LT, Barker WC. Science. 235(4796):1562. 1987.
Protein sequence database of the protein identification resource (PIR). Barker WC, Hunt LT, George DG, Yeh LS, Chen HR, Blomquist MC, Seibel-Ross EI, Elzanowski A, Bair JK, Ferrick DA, et al. Protein Seq Data Anal. 1(2):129-75. 1987.
Protein sequence database of the protein identification resource (PIR). Barker WC, Hunt LT, George DG, Yeh LS, Chen HR, Blomquist MC, Seibel-Ross EI, Elzanowski A, Bair JK, Ferrick DA, et al. Protein Seq Data Anal. 1(1):43-98. 1987.
A domain structure common to hemopexin, vitronectin, interstitial collagenase, and a collagenase homolog. Hunt LT, Barker WC, Chen HR. Protein Seq Data Anal. 1(1):21-6. 1987.
[Similar domains in different proteins: detection and significance]. Barker WC, Johnson GC, Hunt LT, George DG, Tsugita A. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. (29 Suppl):54-68. 1986.
[Research uses of protein sequence databases]. Barker WC, Hunt LT, George DG, Eguchi Y. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. (29 Suppl):163-76. 1986.
Similarity between oncogenic v-rel protein and regulatory fnr protein. Chen HR, Yeh LS, Barker WC. Nucleic Acids Res. 14(9):3977. 1986.
The protein identification resource (PIR). George DG, Barker WC, Hunt LT. Nucleic Acids Res. 14(1):11-5. 1986.
Similarity of vaccinia 28K, v-erb-B and EGF receptors. Chen HR, Barker WC. Nature. 316(6025):219-20. 1985.
Nucleic acid sequence database VI: Retroviral oncogenes and cellular proto-oncogenes. Chen HR, Barker WC. DNA. 4(2):171-82. 1985.
The prokaryote-eukaryote interface. Hunt LT, George DG, Barker WC. Biosystems. 18(3-4):223-40. 1985.
New perspectives on bacterial ferredoxin evolution. George DG, Hunt LT, Yeh LS, Barker WC. J Mol Evol. 22(1):20-31. 1985.
Vaccinia virus 19-kilodalton protein: relationship to several mammalian proteins, including two growth factors. Blomquist MC, Hunt LT, Barker WC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 81(23):7363-7. 1984.
Identification of the probable coding region for exon 2 of cytochrome oxidase polypeptide I from Aspergillus nidulans mitochondrion. George DG, Yeh LS, Hunt LT, Barker WC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 119(2):786-94. 1984.
Nucleotide sequences of the retroviral long terminal repeats and their adjacent regions. Chen HR, Barker WC. Nucleic Acids Res. 12(4):1767-78. 1984.
Searching the protein sequence database. Orcutt BC, Barker WC. Bull Math Biol. 46(4):545-52. 1984.
Unexpected relationships between bacteriophage lambda hypothetical proteins and bacteriophage T4 tail-fiber proteins. George DG, Yeh LS, Barker WC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 115(3):1061-8. 1983.
Nucleic Acid Sequence Database V: completely sequenced genomes. Chen HR, Dayhoff MO, Barker WC, Hunt LT, Yeh LS, George DG, Orcutt BC. DNA. 2(4):275-80. 1983.
Establishing homologies in protein sequences. Dayhoff MO, Barker WC, Hunt LT. Methods Enzymol. 91:524-45. 1983.
Viral src gene products are related to the catalytic chain of mammalian cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Barker WC, Dayhoff MO. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 79(9):2836-9. 1982.
Nucleic acid sequence database IV. Chen HR, Dayhoff MO, Barker WC, Hunt LT, Yeh LS, George DG, Orcutt BC. DNA. 1(4):365-74. 1982.
Nucleic acid sequence database III. Chen HR, Dayhoff MO, Barker WC, Hunt LT, Yeh LS, George DG, Orcutt BC. DNA. 1(3):273. 1982.
Sequence bank update. Nucleic acid sequence database II. Chen HR, Dayhoff MO, Barker WC, Hunt LT, Yeh LS, George DG, Orcutt BC. DNA. 1(2):103-8. 1982.
Data bank. Dayhoff MO, Schwartz RM, Chen HR, Hunt LT, Barker WC, Orcutt BC. Nature. 290(5801):8. 1981.
Nucleic acid sequence database. Dayhoff MO, Schwartz RM, Chen HR, Barker WC, Hunt LT, Orcutt BC. DNA. 1(1):51-8. 1981.
Nucleic acid sequence bank. Dayhoff MO, Schwartz RM, Chen HR, Hunt LT, Barker WC, Orcutt BC. Science. 209(4462):1182. 1980.
Origins of immunoglobulin heavy chain domains. Barker WC, Ketcham LK, Dayhoff MO. J Mol Evol. 15(2):113-27. 1980.
Evolution of homologous physiological mechanisms based on protein sequence data. Barker WC, Dayhoff MO. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 62(1):1-5. 1979.
A comprehensive examination of protein sequences for evidence of internal gene duplication. Barker WC, Ketcham LK, Dayhoff MO. J Mol Evol. 10(4):265-81. 1978.
Evolution of lipoproteins deduced from protein sequence data. Barker WC, Dayhoff MO. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 57(4):309-15. 1977.
Epidermal growth factor: internal duplication and probable relationship to pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. Hunt LT, Barker WC, Dayhoff MO. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 60(3):1020-8. 1974.
Inferences from protein and nucleic acid sequences: early molecular evolution, divergence of kingdoms and rates of change. Dayhoff MO, Barker WC, McLaughlin PJ. Orig Life. 5(3):311-30. 1974.

Revised 04/06/2011